Malware (short for malicious software) is any program or file that is harmful to a computer user. Below is a categorized guide to help you understand the various types of malware.
1. Traditional Malware Types
Malware Type
Description
Virus
Attaches itself to clean files and spreads to other files and systems. Requires user action to activate.
Worm
Self-replicating malware that spreads automatically across networks without user action.
Trojan
Disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into installing it. Allows unauthorized access or damage.
2. Advanced Threats
Malware Type
Description
Crypto-Malware
Encrypts files and demands payment (ransom) for decryption.
Ransomware
Broader category that locks or encrypts data until a ransom is paid.
Rootkit
Hides in a system to maintain persistent administrative access. Hard to detect.
Keylogger
Tracks keystrokes to capture sensitive information like passwords.
Spyware
Secretly monitors user activities and sends data to attackers.
Adware
Displays unwanted advertisements and may redirect search queries.
3. Remote Access & Control
Malware Type
Description
RAT (Remote Access Trojan)
Gives an attacker remote control over the infected device.
Backdoor
Creates a hidden access point into a system, bypassing normal authentication.
Bots
Turns infected systems into “zombies” that can be remotely controlled, often part of a botnet.
4. Hidden or Timed Threats
Malware Type
Description
Logic Bomb
Malicious code that activates when specific conditions are met (e.g., a date or a triggered event).
Summary Table
Category
Examples
Infection & Spread
Virus, Worm, Trojan
Financial Impact
Ransomware, Crypto-Malware
Surveillance
Spyware, Keylogger
Remote Control
Rootkit, RAT, Backdoor, Bots
Annoyance
Adware
Time-Based Threat
Logic Bomb
Stay updated, stay secure. Regularly scan your devices and educate yourself about cybersecurity threats.
